How to solve IndexError: index 'n' is out of bounds for axis 'n' with size 'n' in NumPy?

 This error message usually occurs in NumPy when you try to access an index that is out of bounds for a given array. The error message itself tells you which axis and size the problem occurs in.

Here is an example of how you might encounter this error:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

# This will raise an IndexError because we are trying to access an index (2) that is out of bounds for the second axis (which has a size of 2)
print(arr[1, 2])

The above code will raise the following error message:

IndexError: index 2 is out of bounds for axis 1 with size 2

To fix this error, you should make sure that the indices you are accessing are within the bounds of the array. In the above example, you can fix the error by changing the second index from 2 to 1, like this:

print(arr[1, 1])

This will output the value 5, which is the correct value at the index [1, 1] of the arr array.