There are several ways to know that the Earth is round:
Observing the curvature of the horizon: If you observe the horizon from a high vantage point, such as the top of a mountain or an airplane, you can see that it curves away from you in all directions. This is because the Earth is curved, and your line of sight can only extend so far before it encounters the curvature.
Measuring the shadow of the Earth during a lunar eclipse: During a lunar eclipse, the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon. The shape of the shadow is always round, which is consistent with the idea that the Earth is spherical.
Seeing the round shape of the Earth from space: Astronauts and satellites have taken many photographs of the Earth from space, showing its round shape.
Measuring the angles of shadows at different locations on Earth: If you measure the angle of a shadow at the same time of day at two different locations on Earth, you will find that the angles are different. This is because the Sun's rays are hitting the Earth at different angles, consistent with the Earth being round.
These are just a few of the many ways that scientists have determined that the Earth is round. The evidence for a spherical Earth is overwhelming and has been confirmed through a variety of scientific methods.
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